Strategic managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic managment - Essay ExampleThe similarities and the differences of both cases can be understood yet if referring to key elements of these strategies but also to their background i.e. the needs that led to the design and the implementation of these strategies and which were the expectations of their initiators the success of these efforts would be also another issue for consideration curiously when evaluating the tools and the analyses used for the development of the particular visualizes.In Uganda, the DISH suggest was actively supported by the countrys Ministry of Health. The project focused primarily on the prevention of expansion of HIV and TFRs also of STD among the population a wide range of communication campaigns were developed across the country for a period of 8 years. The project was implemented gradually i.e. in two phases. Its first phase began in 1994 and lasted for 5 years (see case study). The second phase began in 1999 and lasted for 3 years. In other words, the project was completed on 2002. The communication with the public through appropriately designed communication campaigns was the main strategic tool of the particular project. Another detail related with the implementation of the DISH project is the fact that a detailed SWOT analysis was developed before the implementation of the project in the country. The needs of the local society but also the challenges related with the development of this project were therefore carefully addressed before the realization of the projects various activities. Despite the fact that the specific project was initiated by the state (ministry of health) it was developed and monitored by a private organization Pathfinder transnational a series of organizations were participated in the various phases of the project (like the JHU/ CCP and the University of North Carolina). The project was funded by the United States (Agency for International Development).In

Quality Transformation of the Veterans Healthcare System Essay

Quality Transformation of the Veterans Healthcare System - Essay ExampleIn the 1990s the VHA had a series of problems that prompted a need for reform. The challenges were with substandard care for older veterans and many of the hospitals were run down and poorly managed. Many doctors lacked the experience to run the hospitals properly and patient need were not being satisfied (Cannon, 2006). The problem was so great that Congress considered shutting down the hospitals and giving veterans a voucher to go to outside undercover hospitals (Waller, 2006, p. 1).A restructuring took place in the mid-1990s to focus on taking care of outpatients rather than in keeping them in lengthy hospital stays. Larger hospitals that were not effective were closed in favor of clinics that would concentrate on meeting the needs of the aging veterans. After this time many newspaper reported that the VHA was in particular good for a variety of conditions. The greatest part of the reform was to update the ir technology and create better systems for managed care. As an example, they created software that would track their patients so they would gestate access to them as needed instead of having to scramble to find patients information. These mea reals gave doctors the ability to improve patient care because their records were easily accessible on a laptop computer computer. The reason this is easy is because the VHA has a system wide database where they keep a total history of each veteran. Within this reform a barcode system was excessively adopted for prescriptions so that when filling them a nurse can scan the barcode on the patient and then scan it on the prescription to make sure that there is a match. These changes prompted many veterans to leave private insurance and go back to the VHA which also created more problems for the VHA because the influx of patients created challenges financially that Congress did not ply for in the revamping (Waller, p. 2). In order to deal with the influx they had to limit the amount of people who could take

Industrial Property Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Industrial Property Rights - Essay ExampleThe first software patent ever granted is probably a patent for a computer having slow and quick access storage, when programmed to solve a linear programming problem by an iterative algorithm, the iterative algorithm being such that (...) applied for in 1962 by British Petroleum Company . The patent relates to solving simultaneous linear equations.The USPTO has traditionally non considered software to be patentable because by statute patents can only be granted to processes, machines, articles of manufacture, and compositions of matter. In particular patents cannot be granted to scientific truths or mathematical expressions of them. This means that most of the fundamental techniques of software engineering have never been patented.The USPTO maintained this position, that software was in effect a mathematical algorithm, and therefore not patentable into the 1980s. The position of the USPTO was challenged with a landmark 1981 Supreme Court Case, Diamond v. Diehr. The case involved a device that used computer software to ensure the pass up timing when heating, or curing, rubber. Although the software was the integral part of the device, it also had other functions that related to real world manipulation. The court then ruled that as a device to mold rubber, it was a patentable object. The court essentially ruled that while algorithms themselves could not be patented, devices that utilized them could. This ruling wasnt as straightforward as legion(predicate) would have liked, forcing many electronic device makers into the courts to establish that their inventions were in fact patentable.Due to different treatment of federal patent rights in different split of the country, in 1982 the U.S. Congress created a new court (the Federal Circuit) to hear patent cases. The new circuit rejected rulings from some parts of the country, and nationalized others. For example, the court make patents generally easier to uphold by pr esuming patents were valid unless proven invalid and weakening the defense of non-obviousness. This court allowed issues, such as patentability of software, to be treated uniformly passim the US. Due to a few landmark cases in this court, by the early 1990s the patentability of software was well established, and in 1996 the USPTO issued Final Computer Related interrogation Guidelines. See Software Patents under United States patent law.Also in 1998, the U.S. court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, in the case of State Street Bank & trustfulness Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc. (1998), upheld as valid a patent directed to a computer-implemented business method designed to perform financial calculations and data affect for mutual fund investments. This case was important because prior to this decision, it was widely believed that business methods and systems were not patentable. The State Street case made clear that business methods were to be evaluated in the same manner as any other type of process. In 2000, the JPO followed suit and revised its Guidelines to allow for the patenting of computer-implemented business methods when there is clear matter of inventive step.EuropeThe European Patent Convention (EPC) serves as the basis for a harmonized system of patent protection for all members of the European Union. European patents have the same effect as patents granted by each nation under its own national patent laws. Article 52(1) of

International Tourism Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Tourism Development - Essay ExampleAdvancing touristry activities for the Silk Road Countries United Nations domain Tourism transcription took around initiatives for advancement of the tourism activities for each and every Silk Road Country. There are 24 global countries that participated in this particular tourism project in order to accomplish the task quite successfully (ADB, 2013, p.1). It is highly important for the organization to consider effective and sustainable tourism activities in the Silk Road countries in order to achieve the objective of the project. According to the process and objectives of this project, each and every associated country needs to work towards a Single Visa of Silk Road. The United Nations World Tourism Organization is trying to bring several countries of the ancient Silk Route to ensure development and outgrowth through sustainable tourism activities. According to Maslows theory of development there are 5 stages of basic needs whic h have been described in the draw below It is clear from the above diagram the 5 stages of development are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization. Sustainable tourism can play a major role in upgrading the status of the race along the hierarchy. Tourism will stimulate demand and people will shift upwards along the hierarchy clay sculpture. The people at the grass calm are at the physiological part of the hierarchy diagram. Effective apparatusation of the tourism policies will shift these people up along the hierarchy model and will enhance their development in terms of wealth creation and social recognition. There are different types of tourism, such as food tourism, cultural... This essay stresses that it is true that global tourism industry is one of the major growth drivers of the global economy. Several leading organizations within the industry are trying to implement sustainable business operation strategies in the business processes in order to achieve significant social and cultural growth. It has been discussed earlier that the objective of this project is to support and stimulate the quality tourism development through healthy competitiveness between different Silk Road cities. United Nations World Tourism Organization took some initiatives for advancement of the tourism activities for each and every Silk Road Country. This paper makes a conclusion that Silk Road Programme is one of the important and popular sustainable tourism project initiated by The United Nations World Tourism Organization. The organization always tries to develop and implement unique business operation strategies to maintain effective growth rate of the industry. It is true that the tourism industry is known as one of the most important economic growth drivers. In addition to this, several former(a) factors motivating people to visit several popular countries around the globe. People around the globe used to visit this country in order to dis cover the taste of delicious food items. The organization is trying to build a sustainable network through the Silk Road Countries in order to make the places much attractive and healthy among the global people.

A Time to Kill Essay Example for Free

A Time to Kill EssayI want to tell you a story. Im going to ask you each to close your eye while I tell you the story. I want you to listen to me. I want you to listen to yourselves. Can you depend her? Her raped, beaten, broken proboscis soaked in their urine, soaked in their semen, soaked in her blood, left to offend. Can you see her? I want you to picture that little girl. Now believe shes washcloth (Schumacher, 1996) In the 1996 release of his film A Time to Kill, film director Joel Schumacher submits a inningidable adaptation of John Grishams 1989 legal thriller novel of the akin name. The films plot, set in the Deep South (Mississippi) involves the rape of a young black girl and the arrest of white rapists responsible and their later(prenominal) murder by the girls father. The remainder of the film then foc offices on the streak of the killer, who surprisingly chooses a young unheralded white male lawyer to stand for him. At issue are several questions, to b e approached and responded to from the Christian tradition. The questions are as follows 1. wherefore does Carl Lee take the law into his own hands? 2. Why does Jake take Carl Lees case? 3. Jake indicates to Carl Lee that they are friends. Carl Lee corrects him quickly.What is Carl Lees rationale? Race, defensibility, access to resources 4. develop the impact of the 2 psychologists testimony. 5. Explain the impact of the deputy who was shot during Carl Lees revenge. 6. Why is Jakes closing argument so effective? What type of strategy is he development? 7. Why does Jake bring his family to Carl Lees party at the end of the movie? My summation is as follows (1)Carl Lee decides to take up arms at a time he is confident that the violators of his daughter would likely walk free or receive light punitive sentences for their vicious assault.Quite frankly, while his lawyer vies to go for he insanity defense, Carl Lee informs all that he, in fact, was not insane during commission of the murders. What is clear is that, due to the racial climate, Carl Lee felt that justice could unaccompanied be served in this instance if he meted it out himself as prejudice would surely veil justice as it had m any(prenominal) times over. Yes, they deserved to die and I hope they burn in hell (Schumacher, 1996) is Carl Lees response when asked what wouldve been a fair sentence to those that close fatally assaults his daughter. (2)It is my opinion that Jake takes on the case of Carl Lee due to several factors.My first notion is that he felt as if he and Carl Lee were neighbours, as Carl Lees companion had previously been helped by the lawyer not to mention that both men had daughters that were practically the same age. Moreover, while Jake was fully aware of the practical possibility of the rapists acquiring off easy, he realized that racial prejudice within the law was unjust. He seemed to relate to and understand Carl Lees plight and providing a good defense was ultimately t he right thing to do. (3)While meeting his client in jail, Jake makes the naive mistake of referring to Carl Lee as a friend. clear so, Carl Lee takes offense to such a characterization as he reminds the counselor that he had neer visited the home of this so-called friend and also that their girls (while peers) would never have the opportunity to play together. Carl Lee goes on to dispute Jakes naive approach to race relations in the South and informs him (Jake) that he is, in fact, the enemy. Carl Lee grabs his assessment of their relationship primarily due to his pragmatic world view. He was Black and Jake was white. More importantly to Carl Lee was that the jury, which held his life in their hands, would also be lily-white.Jake was not chosen for representation due to friendship or otherwise scarcely, simply because he would be in a bankrupt position to understand what would be needed to convince white people to view the world (and thus his situation and/or circumstance) diffe rently. Carl Lee would fit, You are my recondite weapon because you are one of the bad guys. You dont mean to be merely you are. Its how you was raised. (Schumacher, 1996) (4)On the witness stand, during the trial of Carl Lee, there was expert testimony from separate and diaphanous psychologists. The one, a Dr. Rodeheaver, the more impressionable of the two, was an agent of the State. Dr.Rodeheavers testimony, while definitely stirring, seemed to shed light on civil injustices used to finance the States mental institutions. This testimony, which ordinarily would have been discredited, , was seemingly taken with a grain of salt by the all-white jury who did not think outside of the black/white dichotomy. Another psychologist, presented as a defense expert would wound up hurting his own cause as he was exposed as a drunken has-been bearing no confidence and even less self respect. (5)While carrying out what he surely felt was justice, Carl Lee (father of the assaulted child) mista kenly shot a town deputy.This deputy, who had to undergo an amputation due to Carl Lees recklessness, proclaimed to the jury, the judge and the world, I got a little girl. Somebody rapes her, hes a deadened dog. Ill blow him away just like Carl Lee did. (Schumacher, 1996) representative Looney goes on to command the jury to turn him loose regarding Carl Lees future. The impact of Looneys testimony, I felt, was a breakthrough in the case as finally, it seemed that a white face (and one that was nearly killed by the gunfire) was relating to the injustice prevalent in Deep Southern courthouses.Whether proximity or empathy, Deputy Looneys testimony certainly opened eyes in the courtroom and the viewing audience it very got the jury to thinking. what would I have done, IF I were Carl Lee? (6)During the movie, Jake calls on God in the form of human resource, as he seeks advice from his debunked mentor a former law professor who tells him, Your job is to amaze justice no matter how we ll she hides herself. And, campaign as he may, even at one hint willing to cop a plea, Jake throws all caution to the wind (even at the cost of losing his everything) to find the truth.In his closing statement to the jury, he states, I set out to prove a black man could receive a fair trial in the south, that we are all equal in the eyes of the law. Thats not the truth, because the eyes of the law are human eyes yours and mine and until we can see each other as equals, justice is never going to be evenhanded. It will remain nothing more than a reflection of our own prejudices, so until that day we have a duty under God to seek the truth, not with our eyes and not with our minds where fear and hate turn commonality into prejudice, but with our hearts where we dont know better. (Schumacher, 1996) As denoted in this papers opening quote, Jake Brigance uses the jurors own hearts to free their souls. Having been primed by Deputy Looney, the jury (and the viewing audience) finally i s able to realize their own veiled prejudices and, it is this affect that brings warmness to all witnessing Jakes rhetorical deliverance. Whether we would have done as Carl Lee did, we now could definitely feel what he must have felt as an (excluded) individual seeking justice. (7)The last scene of the film brings the point of community to the forefront.By inducing inclusion into the hearts and minds of the all-white jury, Jake is able to obtain a not guilty verdict. Just like in a bouldered movie, viewers were cheering the underdog on by films end. Naive in his approach. inexperienced in matters hed just overcome, Jake (victorious, acclaimed and relieved) desire to validate his sincerity by visiting Carl Lees home. As mentioned, while fully aware of the social climate (as it pertained to race), Jake had and still remained an idealist beholding a world without racial walls. The world had showed him a different reality yet, still, ever the dreamer, Jake was insistent.If he and Ca rl Lee werent friends before, Jake saw no reason why they should not be. Moreover, according to Jake his diluted view of race relations may have been needed to be updated but the idealistic nature of his being (a color equal world) would need to exhibit what he envisioned. Carl Lee had once told him that their daughters would never play together. I smile as I type that Jake realized that he (as a white) would need to extend the olive branch to address the racial situation from the top-down, as opposed to the bottom-up angle he once believed.And finally, Chapter 5, twist Community (Windley-Daoust, 2008) articulates the importance of community as a human survival tool. Specifically, it addresses Jesus idea of whom and/or what constitutes a neighbor as it is mentioned that we ought to love our neighbor as ourselves. Neighbor, as it meant in the Gospel, simply means all. The subject of exclusion versus inclusion (in the sense of community) is discussed at depth within the chapter and, it is to that end that I address the question presented within the text. Who is excluded from a community to which you belong?Why are they excluded? How does their exclusion hurt them? How does it hurt the whole community? (Windley-Daoust, 2008, p. 151) I actually had a struggle with answering this question because (initially) I took the inquiry personally. Having virtually no prejudices to mention, I couldnt figure out how to answer succinctly but after thought, the question doesnt address me or my outlook but rather that of my community. That being said the most excluded of my community would have to be those that are addicted to disfigurement cocaine.Strangely enough, those that distribute the highly-addictive substance within and throughout my community are lauded and placed on economic pedestals while those that actually use the peddled product are oft-times ostracized and detested as less than. I would suppose such an attitude is employed due to the personal (proximal ) damage done by the users (i. e. , thievery, child mistreatment, uncleaniness) which cause such an position against all yet, the way we treat others is based on the way we view them as elucidated in our text. Windley-Daoust, 2008, p. 151)What is lost in stereotyping crack heads within the community is the danger of pigeon-holing an entire segment of the population, thus depriving them and ourselves of the God-given gifts and talents that they possess. Moreover, it is not uncommon to hear people say that once a crack head, always a crack head which many times will compel an individual to believe that they have little or value to add to such a huge human existence.With education and understanding (and prayer), hopefully, the community at large will come to realize that addiction is a disorder and that drug use is merely a symptom of a much larger societal ill. And, as long as exclusion on any level exists, we (as a collective) will always fall short of reaching our human potential i n the eyes of God.

Reading Reflection Essay Example for Free

Reading Reflection EssayAt front, I think literacy has two meanings. The first meaning is culture or civilization and the second meaning is the mogul to write and read. Both meaning argon very similar, they are related to cultural knowledge. But in todays society, literacy not only means culture. The theory of information literacy is pot can effectively use and recognize the information. Besides, people can redefining and evaluate themselves in todays information society. By reading Nunbergs Teaching Students to Swim in the Online Sea, I think the concept of literacy is the discerning ability of people. Nowadays, much knowledge is deriving from Internet. These are second hand materials, not the primary sources. Some resources are not true. The way all people think of the Web is very different. It tests their discerning abilities.Like most people judge the credibility of a website by its outward. The information literacy means to be able to effectively identify, evaluate, a nd use the information. Also, the information literacy is expanding to include the map, media, and some electronic text. The information literacy has a deeper meaning. Students are highly familiar about website and search engine. They are effectively integrating the concept of information literacy into their learning programs. For me, I think the information literacy is good for college students. Because it can help them recognize when the information is needed, they have the ability to use the information. Literacy information is increasingly important in college life. Students faced with diverse, rich information every day. It was a big challenge for them.

Issues - politics Essay Example for Free

Issues politics EssayBoeing is one of the worlds trump known manufactures of aircrafts and so is Northrop Grumman who be the manufacturers of the airbus (Online intelligence service Hour, 2008). These argon 2 top brands who are obviously competing in other areas of business and therefore any decision that involve them is march to raise colossal heat. It should b noned that both are the Statesn companies though Northrop Grumman is partly owned by a French company.The nature of the trend which involves the security of the States as a nation is a matter of national concern as it involves the development of structures that could ensure the growth of security systems. Boeing and Grumman be business structures, much(prenominal) a big contract lead obviously attract the interest of stakeholders from both sides. at that place are a subject of key issues that rich person been brought start by the airforce contracts which includeMilitary contracts are a matter of open concern since it is in place to protect the globe, the resources used in the army contracts are derived from taxpayers and therefore the failure of such confinements impart be a waste of taxpayers money (Meyer, 2007). When McCain questioned the cost effectiveness in leasing planes that would otherwise have no values when their lease period was over his motive as the senator of Alabama was to ensure that the taxpayers money is channeled to useful projects.Furthermore, it is quite clear that the politicians have the ability to require down potentially useful deals due to what Northrop Grumman executives refer to as expensive lobbying. Politics is not always objective for there are situations where the stakes bear on are shielded from the public and though the politics and viewpoints will be developed to suit the public, the real reasons are often personal (Meyer, 2007). The inclusion of politics in such cases therefore has both advantages and disadvantages and should be weighed carefully.Military procural just like any other public procurement scheme is disposed to haze overion, this was the case in the original contract that was brought to an end by Rumsfeld in 2006. Moreover, the big money involved in military procurement processes act as a natural catalysts for corruption, therefore there is need to come up with a robust self regulated systems that will ensure that such wrong practices are not in anyway included in the procurement process, the congress thus comes into the picture (Meyer, 2007).However, the policy-making system is not known for its objectivity. In the cases, some of the reasons brought out against Northrop Grumman are flimsy and lack in objectivity. The fact that there will be lobbying is a clear sign that there will be loss in objectivity thus the decision will tend to favor groups that are be able to garner enough political support in the congress. Furthermore, the political system is one of the most corrupt system there is and the rationale in placing such a system to fortress against corruption is questionable. i.Security Military procurement is a security critical matter (Meyer, 2007).The military is in place to ensure that the US is protected against its external enemies (Meyer, 2007). The distressfulness with which the equipment tendering process is treated and the keen eye that the media watches the unfolding of such events relay the importance placed on the military by the American plenty. The US is traditionally a fighting nation and the effectiveness of its military and equipments is one of the factors that has cemented its place as a world power.Military activities require high levels of secrecy (Meyer, 2007). There is need to come up with effective equipments that can be used in varied situations. It should be noted that the arguments brought forward by the executives from both sides are centered around the superiority of their products or the weaknesses of their opposite. The need for accuracy and well developed products that have the required reputation are some of the considerations that led to the two big companies making it to the final stage.The two companies are multinationals that have developed their brands all over the globe. It is noteworthy that when the US defense secretary cancels Boeings leases other nations simmer down seek their products and are continues seeking the products that have been labeled cost ineffective due to the reputation associated with their brand name. The importance of the security system is seen in the number of avenues and legislative systems that have been put in place to ensure that the process is done in a just manner (Krishnan, 2008).When the airforce declares that Northrop Grumman had won the cabal for the airforce tankers, Boeing seeks redress through a different avenue Public accountability mightiness. The office looks at their complaints and decides to freeze the process. It should be noted that it was the same office that h ad early in the decades frozen a billion dollar Boeing contract due to corruption charges. Even though there are systems put in place to ensure proper procedures in procurement of services and services, they can be outdone easily (Krishnan, 2008).The corruption allegations made in the initial Boeing contracts are a clear case where the protocols were overridden and it only came to realization a couple of months after the contracts had been signed. Furthermore, the fact that is was later found out that a different design could look the specifications made by the airforce with reduced costs clearly show that even though the guidelines are put in place they are seldom followed thus the need for a system or authority that will follow up on the recommendations and processes to ensure that they conform to the laid out guidelines.some(a) politicians have argued that the French affiliation of the airbus manufacturer is in itself a security risk and therefore a purely American company shoul d be contracted. However, such a contracting systems will obviously lock out other capable companies and therefore bring about questions on the integrity of the bidding process. America has prided itself as being a liberalized nation, putting up measures that will lock out other qualified members on the basis of the compositions of its investors is contrary to the spirit of liberalization.Furthermore, being involved with a company that has partnered with a success story in Europe shields the tanker project from American economic downtimes though it effectively ensures that the project is affected by the happening in Europe. It is unrealistic to lobby for Boeing on the basis of confidentiality a company that has already shown traces of corruption cannot be trusted and neither can a company that is yet to prove its worth in the military sector.Therefore, system should be put in place to ensure that the projects are monitored and compared to some given standards if either is to be awar ded the contract. ii. Stability The US is the father of capitalism and is therefore a country that is characterized by intense competition amidst industry players who will always be on the look for additional finances that will ensure their development into the future (Verkuil, 2007). On the day it was describe that Northrop Grumman had won the military contracts its share prices rose by over 20 cents and Boeings shares fell by a couple of cents (CBS News, 2008).Note, the development in the contract procurement were being watched by investors who will then make their decisions on which company to invest in. Even though the large money involved in the proceeding may be enough to lure investors into channeling their resources to a particular company, the reputation involved in being a company contracted with one of the worlds best airforce to develop its aircraft tankers is enough to cause significant changes in the companys share index. Being a capitalistic economy where entities g ain at the expense of others, Boeing is bound to feel the pinch.The situation is made worse by the consideration that Boeing has a well developed reputation and therefore failure to win a contract from a partner that it has associated with for a long time may be taken by the investors and its consumers in the wrong light. It may imply that the partner does not trust its capacity to develop superiors products or has doubts on its potential to remain productive. To bring the idea of reputation into perspective, many are of the notion that the corruptions charges brought against Boeing may have affected its chances of successfully bidding for the contract (Verkuil, 2007).This holds considerable weight in that the military is not all about facilities but also reputation. The American people and its enemies will always keep a keen eye on the military and any transactions conducted with a partner who is proved to be corrupt will dent on its integrity thus its reputation. Conclusion Awardi ng a contract to a company to deliver services that are of public interest is a complex process and will always involve the media and many other systems that have been put in place to ensure the guard duty of the public.Individual good and interest will always be central in the arguments brought forward by most people, this is more pronounced if the contract will significantly affect many people. It is therefore upon the government and the social systems to ensure that the systems put in place to ensure effectiveness of the bidding process are functioning properly and are robust enough to deal with the dynamism associated with such processes. If need be, changes essential be instituted to ensure that the system are functioning.The products delivered must measure up to some predetermined standards to ensure quality and accountability. These measures and other quality management measures if well integrated into the bidding and implementation of contracts that are of public interest will ensure that the public benefits in the best possible way.Word Count 3271 ,Reference List CBS News (2008). Boeing Spurned On Huge spread Force Contract. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http//www.cbsnews. com/stories/2008/02/29/business/main3894669. shtml? source=RSSattr=Business_3894669 Krishnan, A. (2008). War as Business Technological Change and Military Service Contracting. Aldershot Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Meyer, J. (2007). Working in a War Zone Military Contractors. New York The Rosen Publishing Group. Online News Hour (2008). Boeing, Northrop Grumman Clash Over Tanker Contract.Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http//www. pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/jan-june08/tanker_05-06. html. United States governing body obligation Office (2008). Statement Regarding the Bid Protest Decision Resolving the Aerial Refueling Tanker Protest by The Boeing Company. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http//www. governmentexecutive. com/pdfs/061808cd1. pdf Verkuil, R. (2007). Outsourcing Sovereign ty Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and what We Can Do about it. New York Cambridge University Press.